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This study investigates the application effect of bisection combined with flipped classroom in the teaching of the course Introduction to Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation. A total of 74 students majoring in hearing and speech rehabilitation in the classes of 2019 and 2020 were selected as research subjects, and flipped classroom was applied in the teaching of the course Introduction to Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation. A questionnaire survey was conducted to compare the difference between traditional teaching model and flipped classroom in improving the comprehensive abilities of students. Research findings show that the teaching model of bisection combined with flipped classroom can significantly improve the abilities of self-expression, creative thinking, teamwork, and interpersonal communication among students, and there was no significant difference in improving learning enthusiasm between the two teaching models.
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Objective:To introduce the experience of robotic surgery training course in the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.Methods:The specific process of the training course was introduced in detail, and the results of the training course were summarized and analyzed. A total of 15 surgeons completed the first step of the training (operation table simulation training), 14 (93.3%) completed the second step (pancreatoduodenectomy tissue anastomosis simulation training), and 196 cases of tissue anastomosis simulation training were completed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA and SPSS software. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze the data.Results:The average scores of the surface validity Likert scale for anastomosis simulation training were: (15/20) for Pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), (15/20) for Gastrojejunostomy (GJ), and (17/20) for Hepatocholangiojejunostomy (HJ). In the PJ and GJ simulation training, compared with the gold standard, the error rate and OSATS score were significantly improved ( P > 0.05), and the operation time was not significantly reduced ( P < 0.05). In HJ simulation training, the error rate, OSATS score and operation time did not show significant improvement ( P < 0.05). However, it could be concluded that all the simulation operations performed by the trainees after the training were better than the first time, when linear regression and quadratic fitting models were performed to analyze continuous trainings of the trainees as a group. Conclusion:The training course carried out by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center is valid and effective, and it can be used for reference to explore a way for the development of robotic surgery fitting to the real conditions of our country.
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Objective:To know whether the implementation of "Five Love" values education in the teaching of nursing introduction can improve students′ learning effect and professional identity.Methods:A quasi experimental study was conducted. The convenient cluster sampling method was used to select 118 freshmen from the Chinese foreign cooperation undergraduate class of the Nursing School of Henan University of Chinese Medicine as the ideological and political group from March to July 2022, and implement the teaching integrated with the "Five Love" values ideological and political program. From March to July 2021, 120 freshmen from the Chinese foreign cooperation undergraduate class were set as the control group, and the routine teaching were implemented. The test scores and college students′professional identity were compared between the two groups.Results:The total score of the process assessment in the ideological and political group was (92.78 ± 6.54) points, higher than that of the control group (85.64 ± 10.21) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.09, P<0.05). The scores of ideological and political group students in Professional Identity Questionnaire before education were (2.60 ± 0.72) points and after education were (3.50 ± 0.24) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.80, P<0.05). Three themes can be extracted from the group focus interview and reflection homework: "promoting the formation of students 'Five Loves' values, increasing the sense of learning benefits and enhancing the relationship between teachers and students". Conclusions:Carrying out "Five Loves" value education in the teaching of nursing introduction course can improve the teaching effect and students' professional identity, increase students' sense of learning benefit, and enhance the relationship between teachers and students.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tranexamic acid radiofrequency introduction combined with Q-switched laser comprehensive treatment of moderate to severe melasma.Methods:From December 2019 to September 2021, ninety-six female patients with melasma [age 24-59 years old, average age (37.8±6.0) years old] were admitted to the Plastic and Aesthetic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine. They were divided into the Q-switched laser group and the combined group by random number table method, with 48 cases respectively. The Q-switched laser group received Q-switched laser therapy, while the combined group received tranexamic acid radiofrequency introduction combined with Q-switched laser comprehensive therapy. The melasma area and severity index (MASI) scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and recurrence rates of the two groups were compared.Results:The MASI scores of the Q-switched laser group and the combined treatment group were (28.28±1.24) points and (28.52±4.25) points respectively before treatment, and (13.38±7.96) points and (9.11±5.48) points respectively after treatment. The MASI scores of the two groups were decreased after treatment, which of the combined group was lower than that of the Q-switched laser group ( t=3.06, P<0.05). The total clinical effective rate of the combination group (93.75%) was higher than that of the Q-switched laser group (79.17%) (χ 2=4.36, P<0.05). The incidence rate of hyperpigmentation (2.08%) and recurrence rate (2.08%) of the combination group were lower than those of the Q-switched laser group (14.58%, 16.67%) (χ 2=6.01, P<0.05). Conclusions:Tranexamic acid radiofrequency introduction combined with Q-switched laser comprehensive treatment can improve skin lesions and clinical efficacy in patients with moderate to severe melasma, and reduce pigmentation and recurrence.
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This review was designed to assess the pooled prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in India. An electronic data search was done in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases in October 2020. Epidemiological surveys assessing the prevalence of ECC were included, and data on gender, geographic region, sampling strategy, feeding habits, and dmft values were extracted. The risk of bias was assessed, and a meta-analysis was performed for pooled prevalence and mean dmft values. The selection of articles, data extraction, and validity assessment were done independently by the two reviewers(ID and RV). Athird reviewer (CJ) resolved any conflict between these two reviewers. Atotal of seventy?one studies were included for quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence of ECC estimated from 71 studies with 69,330 participants is 46.9% (confidence interval [CI] 46.5–47.2). Males had a higher prevalence of ECC (47%, CI: 46.4–47.6,40 studies, 26,840 participants) than females (43.8%, CI: 43.2–44.2,40 studies, 24,389 participants). Region?wise analysis showed the highest number of studies (44) in southern India, with a sample size of 35,988 with a pooled prevalence of 44.6% (CI: 44–45.1). The pooled mean dmft (random effect) is 2.23 (1.97–2.48), with males having a higher proportion of 2.26 compared to 2.23 in females. The pooled prevalence of ECC was 46.9%, and the pooled mean was 2.23. The results from this study state that one in every two children in India is suffering from ECC, reflecting its public health relevance.
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HIV/TB coinfection, COVID 19 with HIV/TB, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), TB lymphadenopathy
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The ancient herbal books, and literatures were reviewed, and the textual research and origin of Caryophylli flos were explored from the differences between Caryophylli flos and Caryophylli fructus, the alias of Caryophylli flos and Caryophylli fructus, the origin and introduction of Caryophylli flos, and its efficacy and indications. The results indicated that Caryophylli flos and Caryophylli fructus were different from each other in terms of synonyms, chemical components and pharmacological effects. Caryophylli flos was brought to China as a spice in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the efficacy of Caryophylli flos was almost same in ancient and modern time. Caryophylli flos is widely used in digestive and dental diseases, and Caryophylli flos is also one of the seven natural spices, which can be used for food preservation.
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Abstract Nowadays food borne illness is most common in people due to their epidemic nature. These diseases affect the human digestive system through bacteria, viruses and parasites. The agents of illness are transmitted in our body through various types of food items, water and uncooked. Pathogens show drastic changes in immunosuppressant people. This review gives general insights to harmful microbial life. Pakistan is a developed country and because of its improper food management, a lot of gastrointestinal problems are noted in many patients. Bacteria are most common agents to spread diarrhoea, villi infection, constipation and dysenteric disease in human and induce the rejection of organ transplant. Enhancement of their lifestyle, properly cooked food should be used and to overcome the outbreak of the diseases.
Resumo Hoje em dia, as doenças transmitidas por alimentos são mais comuns em pessoas devido à sua natureza epidêmica. Essas doenças afetam o sistema digestivo humano por meio de bactérias, vírus e parasitas. Os agentes das doenças são transmitidos em nosso corpo por meio de diversos tipos de alimentos, água e crus. Os patógenos mostram mudanças drásticas em pessoas imunossupressoras. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral da vida microbiana prejudicial. O Paquistão é um país desenvolvido e, devido ao seu manejo alimentar inadequado, muitos problemas gastrointestinais são observados em muitos pacientes. As bactérias são os agentes mais comuns para espalhar diarreia, infecção de vilosidades, obstipação e doença disentérica em humanos e induzem a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos. Melhoria de seu estilo de vida, alimentos devidamente cozidos devem ser utilizados e para superar o aparecimento de doenças.
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Food Microbiology , Food Parasitology , Disease PreventionABSTRACT
Abstract Nowadays food borne illness is most common in people due to their epidemic nature. These diseases affect the human digestive system through bacteria, viruses and parasites. The agents of illness are transmitted in our body through various types of food items, water and uncooked. Pathogens show drastic changes in immunosuppressant people. This review gives general insights to harmful microbial life. Pakistan is a developed country and because of its improper food management, a lot of gastrointestinal problems are noted in many patients. Bacteria are most common agents to spread diarrhoea, villi infection, constipation and dysenteric disease in human and induce the rejection of organ transplant. Enhancement of their lifestyle, properly cooked food should be used and to overcome the outbreak of the diseases.
Resumo Hoje em dia, as doenças transmitidas por alimentos são mais comuns em pessoas devido à sua natureza epidêmica. Essas doenças afetam o sistema digestivo humano por meio de bactérias, vírus e parasitas. Os agentes das doenças são transmitidos em nosso corpo por meio de diversos tipos de alimentos, água e crus. Os patógenos mostram mudanças drásticas em pessoas imunossupressoras. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral da vida microbiana prejudicial. O Paquistão é um país desenvolvido e, devido ao seu manejo alimentar inadequado, muitos problemas gastrointestinais são observados em muitos pacientes. As bactérias são os agentes mais comuns para espalhar diarreia, infecção de vilosidades, obstipação e doença disentérica em humanos e induzem a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos. Melhoria de seu estilo de vida, alimentos devidamente cozidos devem ser utilizados e para superar o aparecimento de doenças.
Subject(s)
Humans , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Pakistan , Bacteria , DiarrheaABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o volume de prá-tica em ginástica artística no desempenho de habilidades motoras fun-damentais. Para tal, 22 ginastas (idade média=8,9 ±1,54) foram divididas em grupo escola de esportes e grupo equipe. A avaliação do desempe-nho motor foi realizada pelo TGMD-2. Os resultados, analisados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e a análise qui-quadrado, indicaram desempe-nho superior do grupo equipe em habilidades fundamentais locomoto-ras, bem como no quociente motor. Conclui-se que o volume de prática de ginástica artística pode beneficiar o desempenho de habilidades fun-damentais locomotoras, mas não de controle de objetos. Assim, parece haver uma relação de especificidade quanto às categorias de habilida-des praticadas na ginástica artística versus habilidades fundamentais desenvolvidas (AU)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the volume of practice in artistic gymnastics on the motor performance of fundamental skills. For this, 22 gymnasts (mean age = 8.9 ± 1.54) were divided into a sports school group and a team group. The assessment of motor performance was performed by TGMD-2. The results, analyzed by the Mann-Whitney tests and the chi-square analysis, indicated superior performance of the team group in fundamental locomotor skills, as well as in the motor quotient. As conclusion, the volume of practice in artistic gymnastics may benefit the performance of locomotor fundamental skills, but not object control skills. Thus, there seems to be a relationship of specificity regarding the categories of skills practiced in artistic gymnastics versus fundamental skills developed (AU).
El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar el volumen de práctica en gimnasia artística sobre el rendimiento motor de habilidades fundamentales. Para ello, 22 gimnastas (edad media = 8,9 ± 1,54) se dividieron en un grupo de escuela deportiva y un grupo de equipo. La evaluación del rendimiento motor fue realizada por TGMD-2. Se concluye que el volumen de práctica de gimnasia artística puede beneficiar el desempeño de las habilidades locomotoras fundamentales, pero no el control de objetos. Por lo tanto, parece haber una relación de especificidad con respecto a las categorías de habilidades practicadas en gimnasia artística versus habilidades fundamentales desarrolladas (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Efficiency , Gymnastics , Motor Skills , Sports , Human DevelopmentABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To investigate whether patients with a previous recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH)-stimulated cycle would have improved outcomes with rFSH + recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) stimulation in the following cycle. Methods For the present retrospective case-control study, 228 cycles performed in 114 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between 2015 and 2018 in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) center were evaluated. Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) was achieved with rFSH (Gonal-f, Serono, Geneva, Switzerland) in the first ICSI cycle (rFSH group), and with rFSH and rLH (Pergoveris, Merck Serono S.p.A, Bari, Italy) in the second cycle (rFSH + rLH group). The ICSI outcomes were compared among the groups. Results Higher estradiol levels, oocyte yield, day-3 high-quality embryos rate and implantation rate, and a lower miscarriage rate were observed in the rFSH + rLH group compared with the rFSH group. In patients < 35 years old, the implantation rate was higher in the rFSH + rLH group compared with the rFSH group. In patients ≥ 35 years old, higher estradiol levels, oocyte yield, day-3 high-quality embryos rate, and implantation rate were observed in the rFSH + rLH group. In patients with ≤ 4 retrieved oocytes, oocyte yield, mature oocytes rate, normal cleavage speed, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate were improved in the rFSH + rLH group. In patients with ≥ 5 retrieved oocytes, higher estradiol levels, oocyte yield, and implantation rate were observed in the rFSH + rLH group. Conclusion Ovarian stimulation with luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation results in higher implantation rates, independent of maternal age and response to COS when compared with previous cycles stimulated with rFSH only. Improvements were also observed for ICSI outcomes and miscarriage after stratification by age and retrieved oocytes.
Resumo Objetivo: Investigar se há algum efeito da suplementação com hormônio luteinizante (LH, na sigla em inglês) no regime com antagonista do hormônio liberador de gonadotropina (GnRH, na sigla em inglês) sobre os resultados dos ciclos consecutivos de injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI, na sigla em inglês). Métodos Para o presente estudo retrospectivo de caso-controle, foram avaliados 228 ciclos de microinjeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI, na sigla em inglês) realizados em 114 pacientes entre 2015 e 2018 em um centro privado de fertilização in vitro (FIV) afiliado a uma universidade. O estímulo ovariano controlado (EOC) foi feito com hormônio folículo- estimulante recombinante (rFSH, na sigla em inglês) (Gonal-f, Serono, Genebra, Suíça) no primeiro ciclo de ICSI (grupo rFSH), e com rFSH e rLH (Pergoveris, Merck Serono S.p.A, Bari, Itália) no segundo ciclo (grupo rFSH + rLH). Os desfechos dos ciclos de ICSI foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados Níveis mais elevados de estradiol, de recuperação oocitária, taxa de embriões de alta qualidade no 3° dia e taxa de implantação, e menor taxa de aborto foram observados no grupo rFSH + rLH. Em pacientes < 35 anos, a taxa de implantação foi maior no grupo rFSH + rLH em comparação com o grupo rFSH. Em pacientes com ≥ 35 anos, maiores níveis de estradiol, recuperação oocitária, a taxa de embriões de alta qualidade no 3° dia e a taxa de implantação foram observados no grupo rFSH + rLH. Em pacientes com baixa resposta ao EOC (≤ 4 oócitos recuperados), a recuperação oocitária, a taxa de oócitos maduros, a taxa de velocidade normal de clivagem, a taxa de implantação e a taxa de aborto foram melhoradas no grupo rFSH + rLH. Em pacientes com resposta normal ao EOC (≥ 5 oócitos recuperados), níveis mais elevados de estradiol, recuperação oocitária e taxa de implantação foram observados no grupo rFSH + rLH. Conclusão A estimulação ovariana com suplementação de LH resultou em taxas de implantação mais altas, independentemente da idade materna e da resposta ao EOC, em comparação com os ciclos anteriores estimulados apenas com rFSH. Melhorias também foram observadas nos resultados da ICSI e na taxa de aborto quando as pacientes foram estratificadas por idade e número de oócitos recuperados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Ovulation Induction , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Luteinizing Hormone , Fertilization in Vitro , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Pregnancy Rate , Follicle Stimulating HormoneABSTRACT
RESUMEN En Cuba, la transformación de la realidad por medio de la introducción de resultados científicos -en aras del desarrollo sostenible-, es una alta prioridad por parte de las primeras instancias de dirección desde 1959. La introducción de resultados investigativos ha sido abordada por prestigiosos autores desde diferentes aristas y contextos, pero existen escasas referencias relacionadas con el tema en el ámbito de las ciencias de la educación médica. En consecuencia, este artículo presenta un análisis sobre las tendencias del proceso de introducción de resultados científicos en el ámbito académico, para luego delinear cuáles pudieran ser las bases teórico-metodológicas para la mejora del proceso en el ámbito de la educación médica (AU).
ABSTRACT In Cuba, the transformation of reality through the introduction of scientific results -for the sake of the sustainable development- is a high priority for the first instances of direction since 1959. The introduction of research results has been approached by prestigious authors from different edges and in different contexts, but there are few references related to the theme in the field of the medical education sciences. Consequently, this article presents an analysis on the tendencies of the process of introducing scientific results in the academic sphere, and then outlines the possible theoretic-methodological bases for improving the process in the field of medical education (AU).
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Humans , Male , Female , Scientific Domains , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Teaching/education , Concept Formation , Research Report/historyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o volume de prá-tica em ginástica artística no desempenho de habilidades motoras fun-damentais. Para tal, 22 ginastas (idade média=8,9 ±1,54) foram divididas em grupo escola de esportes e grupo equipe. A avaliação do desempe-nho motor foi realizada pelo TGMD-2. Os resultados, analisados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e a análise qui-quadrado, indicaram desempe-nho superior do grupo equipe em habilidades fundamentais locomoto-ras, bem como no quociente motor. Conclui-se que o volume de prática de ginástica artística pode beneficiar o desempenho de habilidades fun-damentais locomotoras, mas não de controle de objetos. Assim, parece haver uma relação de especificidade quanto às categorias de habilida-des praticadas na ginástica artística versus habilidades fundamentais desenvolvidas.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the volume of practice in artistic gymnastics on the motor performance of fundamental skills. For this, 22 gymnasts (mean age = 8.9 ± 1.54) were divided into a sports school group and a team group. The assessment of motor performance was performed by TGMD-2. The results, analyzed by the Mann-Whitney tests and the chi-square analysis, indicated superior performance of the team group in fundamental locomotor skills, as well as in the motor quotient. As conclusion, the volume of practice in artistic gymnastics may benefit the performance of locomotor fundamental skills, but not object control skills. Thus, there seems to be a relationship of specificity regarding the categories of skills practiced in artistic gymnastics versus fundamental skills developed.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar el volumen de práctica en gimnasia artística sobre el rendimiento motor de habilidades fundamentales. Para ello, 22 gimnastas (edad media = 8,9 ± 1,54) se dividieron en un grupo de escuela deportiva y un grupo de equipo. La evaluación del rendimiento motor fue realizada por TGMD-2. Se concluye que el volumen de práctica de gimnasia artística puede beneficiar el desempeño de las habilidades locomotoras fundamentales, pero no el control de objetos. Por lo tanto, parece haber una relación de especificidad con respecto a las categorías de habilidades practicadas en gimnasia artística versus habilidades fundamentales desarrolladas.
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As an important part of college education, quality education curriculum is an essential sector for ideological education. The quality education curriculum "Introduction to Life Science" is a demonstration course of ideological education in Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The teacher actively merged the ideological elements with the course and created 18 teaching cases, which were integrated into classroom teaching through the BOPPPS teaching model. Using this approach, both the curriculum knowledge and the ideological value were given to students, which further boosted their interests to the course. This article introduces the overall idea, process of reform and implementation of this initiative.
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Humans , Biological Science Disciplines , Curriculum , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To further improve the regulation of medical device Introduction for Use (IFU) and improve the quality of medical device Introduction for Use (IFU).@*METHODS@#Summarize domestic regulatory experience and deficiencies through literature research, and introduce the international experience gathered from the IMDRF coordination document Principles of Labelling for Medical Devices and IVD Medical Devices.@*RESULTS@#The IMDRF international coordination document categorizes ten chapters to define and summarize the basic principles that medical device instructions and labels should contain.@*CONCLUSIONS@#According to the current status of medical device specification supervision and drawing on international supervision experience, improvement suggestions are proposed in terms of refining the IFU requires to improve the quality of the instructions, e.g. dynamic adjustment of IFU management requirements, strengthen the management of IFU for home used medical devices, and improving the standardization and rationality of medical device IFU content. We should continue to maintain effective management of medical device IFU.
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Product LabelingABSTRACT
Introdução: A introdução alimentar deve ser iniciada a partir do sexto mês de vida, como complemento ao leite materno, priorizando a escolha de alimentos regionais. Na abordagem tradicional, recomenda-se que os alimentos sejam ofertados em variedades e em consistência de purês e papas, as quais devem ser aumentadas gradualmente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar papas principais de misturas múltiplas (PPMM) com alimentos regionais direcionadas a crianças na introdução alimentar e comparar sua adequação com as recomendações saudáveis de ingestão de grupos alimentares e nutrientes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza experimental, quantitativa e descritiva, na qual foram elaboradas três diferentes formulações - à base de frango, à base de peixe, e à base de carne - com foco no público infantil na faixa etária de 6-8 meses de vida, que foram acondicionadas em recipientes, semelhantes aos produtos comerciais. Calculou-se o valor nutricional utilizando o Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos, e alternativamente, usando a Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO), com base nas recomendações de ingestão de nutrientes da National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos após análise pelo Guia, em kcal/porção, foram 129,94 (Carne), 148,85 (Frango) e 134,00 (Peixe); já os valores de densidade energética encontrados pela TACO, em kcal/g, foram 1,72 (carne); 4,01 (frango) e 2,06 (peixe). Cada recipiente (110 g) comportou menos de uma porção de PPMM, com exceção da preparação contendo frango. Conclusão: As preparações elaboradas encontraram-se nutricionalmente adequadas por ambos os métodos avaliados e contiveram todos os grupos alimentares recomendados.
Introduction: Food should be introduced starting from the 6th month of life as a complement to breast milk, prioritizing the choice of regional foods. In the traditional approach, it is recommended that foods be offered in varieties and consistency of purees and porridge, which should be gradually increased. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop multiple-mixture main porridges (MMMP) with regional foods being targeted at children for food introduction and to compare their suitability with healthy recommendations for the intake of food groups and nutrients. Methods: This is an experimental, quantitative and descriptive study in which three different formulations were developed: chicken-based, fish-based, and meat-based, with a focus on children aged 6-8 months of life. The MMMPs were packed in jars similar to commercial products. Nutritional value was calculated using the Food Guide for Children Under Two Years (Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos), and alternatively using the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos - TACO), based on the nutrient intake recommendations of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Results: The results obtained after analysis by the guide in kcal/portion were: 129.94 (beef), 148.85 (chicken), and 134.00 (fish). The energy density values found by TACO in kcal/g were: 1.72 (beef), 4.01 (chicken), and 2.06 (fish). Each jar (110 g) contained less than one portion of MMMP, with the exception of the preparation containing chicken. Conclusion: The preparations were found to be nutritionally adequate by both evaluated methods and contained all the recommended food groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Cultural Factors , Infant Nutrition , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Diet, Healthy , Infant Food , Infant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
Abstract The Australian red-claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, has been introduced for aquaculture purposes worldwide and consequently colonized natural environments, where it might cause ecosystem services losses or adversely affect native species and the local environment. This species was first found in Pequenos Libombos Reservoir in Maputo Province, Southern Mozambique in the late 2009 and is linked to reduction in tilapia fisheries. This study, conducted in 2015 under controlled conditions, aimed to assess the interspecific relationships between the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the alien crayfish. For both species, no significant differences in growth and survival rates were found between animals reared in the presence versus the absence of heterospecifics, indicating no direct deleterious interspecific effects. Behavioural observations revealed that fish and crayfish competed for shelter and food. Both species reduced the foraging in the presence of heterospecifics during feeding period, in the daytime. Crayfish seemed to have an advantage in competition for shelter, suggesting that they may interfere with tilapia sheltering activity and make tilapia vulnerable to predators in natural habitats.
Resumo O lagostim australiano, Cherax quadricarinatus, tem sido introduzido para fins de aquicultura em todo o mundo e, consequentemente, colonizado ambientes naturais, onde pode coexistir com a biota local sem causar perdas nos serviços dos ecossistemas ou afetar negativamente as espécies nativas e o meio ambiente local. Esta espécie foi encontrada pela primeira vez na Albufeira dos Pequenos Libombos, na Província de Maputo, sul de Moçambique, no final de 2009 e foi relacionada à redução da pesca de tilápias registrada na mesma localidade. Este estudo, conduzido em 2015 sob condições controladas, teve como objetivo avaliar as relações interespecíficas entre a tilápia de Moçambique (Oreochromis mossambicus) e o lagostim invasor (C. quadricarinatus). Para ambas espécies, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas taxas de crescimento e sobrevivência entre animais criados na presença versus ausência de heteroespecíficos, indicando ausência de efeitos deletérios interespecíficos diretos. Observações comportamentais revelaram que peixes e lagostins competiam por abrigo e comida. Ambas espécies reduziram o forrageamento na presença de heteroespecíficos durante o período de alimentação, no período diurno. O lagostim parece ter uma vantagem na competição por abrigos, sugerindo que, em habitats naturais eles podem provocar o deslocamento de tilápias de seus abrigos, e deste modo tornar as tilápias vulneráveis aos predadores.
Subject(s)
Animals , Tilapia , Astacoidea , Australia , Ecosystem , AquacultureABSTRACT
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the male and female proportion for variouscountries and India. The secondary aim of the study was to identify the multiple influencing factorsthat are playing a role in the male to female ratio and how India differs from other countries. For thisstudy, we have used the available data and reports from various countries, health organisations andWHO from Dec 2019 to May 2020 for comparison and interpretation. There are multiple influencersfor women getting less infected by COVID-19. There are biological reasons such as chromosomesand oestrogen; lifestyle reasons such as smoking and drinking habits, and controlled food habits;social causes such as working hard in rural areas, less exposure to the crowd and minimalinternational travelling opportunities; cultural reasons such as less social gathering, default socialdistancing system and also there is an assumption that Indian women are culturally more disciplined.It is vital to understand gender-based differences in the human immune systems and how it affects thespread of the virus. Knowing the steps and precautionary measures can help us to prevent the spreadof coronavirus. Prevention is always better than cure. By following the advisories from WHO andother nation’s health organisation, making a collaborative effort, we all should be able to managebetter.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: No contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, o conceito da prevenção quaternária adentra timidamente os níveis de atenção à saúde, no entanto, sofre expansão significativa no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da sistematização de evidências científicas, as contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos presentes nas bases de dados científicas da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, biblioteca virtual da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior e MEDLINE via PubMed com a utilização dos descritores "prevenção quaternária" e "atenção primária à saúde", em inglês e português. Resultados: O corpus de análise foi composto por 22 artigos, sendo que a produção científica sobre o tema se deu de forma mais intensa a partir do ano de 2015 e, em sua maioria, possuíam como abordagem metodológica ensaios teóricos. Dentre as contribuições técnicas destacaram-se a introdução do ensino da prevenção quaternária de modo continuado aos graduandos e profissionais; a construção de protocolos e documentos de amparo profissional; a utilização de modelos explicativos dinâmicos na socialização do quadro clínico; a conduta profissional com os usuários e as contribuições socioculturais envolvendo mudanças na percepção profissional e comunitária sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença, assim como o incentivo a práticas de desmedicalização sociocultural em relação à dor, incapacidade, desconforto, envelhecimento, nascimento e morte. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento das potencialidades da prevenção quaternária, faz-se necessário fortalecer estratégias que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para fomentar e gerenciar alianças estratégicas com tomadores de decisão, profissionais de saúde e cidadãos, para fomentar a redução de diagnósticos e tratamentos excessivos, contribuindo com a qualidade do cuidado.
Introduction: In the context of the Unified Health System, the concept of quaternary prevention shyly enters the levels of health care, however, undergoes significant expansion in the scope of primary health care. Objective: To identify, through the systematization of scientific evidence, the technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review of studies present in the scientific databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information of the Pan American Health Organization, virtual library of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, and MEDLINE through PubMed using the descriptors "quaternary prevention" and "primary health care", in English and Portuguese. Results: The corpus of analysis consisted of 22 articles, and the scientific production on the topic took place more intensively from the year 2015 and, for the most part, had theoretical essays as methodological approach. Among the technical contributions, we highlight the introduction of teaching on quaternary prevention in a continuous way to undergraduates and professionals; the construction of protocols and documents of professional support; the use of dynamic explanatory models in the socialization of the clinical picture and professional conduct with users and socio-cultural contributions involve changes in the professional and community perception about the phenomenon of illness and health conception, as well as the incentive to practices of socio-cultural demedicalization in relation to pain, disability, discomfort, aging, birth, and death. Conclusion: Despite the recognition of the potential of quaternary prevention, it is necessary to strengthen strategies that enable the development of public policies to foster and manage strategic alliances with decision makers, health professionals and citizens, to promote the reduction of excessive diagnoses and treatments, contributing to the quality of care.
Introducción: En el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, el concepto de prevención cuaternaria entra tímidamente en los niveles de atención de salud, sin embargo, experimenta una expansión significativa en el alcance de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la sistematización de evidencia científica, las contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de la prevención cuaternaria en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de estudios presentes en las bases de datos científicas de la Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en línea, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, biblioteca virtual de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior y MEDLINE a través de PubMed utilizando los descriptores de prevención cuaternaria y atención primaria de salud, en inglés y portugués. Resultados: El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por 22 artículos, siendo la producción científica sobre el tema más intensiva desde 2015 y, en su mayor parte, tuvo ensayos teóricos como abordaje metodológico. Entre los aportes técnicos, destacamos la implantación de la docencia en prevención cuaternaria de forma continua a estudiantes de pregrado y profesionales; construcción de protocolos y documentos de apoyo profesional, uso de modelos explicativos dinámicos en la socialización del cuadro clínico y conducta profesional con los usuarios y los aportes socioculturales implican cambios en la percepción profesional y comunitaria sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y la concepción de la salud, así como el incentivo a prácticas de desmedicalización sociocultural en relación al dolor, discapacidad, malestar, envejecimiento, nacimiento y muerte. Conclusión: A pesar del reconocimiento del potencial de la prevención cuaternaria, es necesario fortalecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de políticas públicas para fomentar y gestionar alianzas estratégicas con los tomadores de decisiones, profesionales de la salud y ciudadanos, para promover la reducción de diagnósticos y tratamientos excesivos, contribuyendo a la calidad de la atención.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Unified Health System , Family Practice , Medical Overuse , Quaternary PreventionABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the normality pattern in functional tests of peripheral nerves. Methods Sixty female and sixty male Wistar rats were submitted to vibrissae movement and nictitating reflex for facial nerve; grooming test and grasping test for brachial plexus; and walking tracking test and horizontal ladder test for lumbar plexus. The tests were performed separately, with an interval of seven days between each. Results All animals showed the best score in vibrissae movement, nictitating reflex, grooming test, and horizontal ladder test. The best score was acquired for the first time in more than 90% of animals. The mean of strength on the grasping test was 133.46±12.08g for the right and 121.74±8.73g for the left anterior paw. There was a difference between the right and left sides. There was no difference between the groups according to sex. There is no statistical difference comparing all functional indexes between sex, independent of the side analyzed. The peroneal functional index showed higher levels than the sciatic and tibial functional index on both sides and sex. Conclusions The behavioral and functional assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration are low-cost, easy to perform, and reliable tests. However, they need to be performed by experienced researchers to avoid misinterpretation.